Bioscientifica Proceedings

The neuroendocrine regulation of GnRH secretion plays a central role in timing gamete release in both sexes. This regulation is more complex in the female because the discontinuous release of ova is more complex than the continuous release of spermatozoa. This review provides an evolving understanding of the sex differences in reproductive neuroendocrine controls and how these differences arise. The rules for sexual differentiation of steroid feedback control of GnRH secretion...

One of the consequences of activation of the immune system, with its associated inflammatory responses and operation of the stress axes, is a generalised inhibition of reproductive function. This can be considered as part of the all-encompassing effects of an activated immune system, included in which is the 'immunological cost' arising from the nutritional demand required to maintain a competent, responsive immune system, and the pathological effects produced by sever...

Evolution has shaped regulatory systems to improve the chance of reproductive success in a somewhat unpredictable environment. One of the more powerful regulators of reproductive function in both sexes is metabolic status, defined as the availability of nutrients and energy to the tissues. Here, we briefly review the basics of the relationship between metabolic status and the activity of the system that controls pulsatile GnRH and LH secretion. We then reflect on these relatio...